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Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
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Causes itchy, inflamed, and sometimes oozing patches.
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Can mimic dandruff if it appears on the scalp, eyebrows, or behind the ears.
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Triggered by allergens, irritants, or stress.
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Treatment may include moisturizers, medicated creams, and gentle cleansers.
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Fungal Infections (Tinea Capitis)
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Also known as scalp ringworm.
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Causes flaking, redness, hair loss, and sometimes pustules.
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Common in children but can affect adults.
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Requires antifungal medications prescribed by a doctor.
When Flakes Are More Serious
While dandruff is typically harmless, certain signs indicate the need for medical evaluation:
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Persistent or worsening flaking despite using anti-dandruff shampoos
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Thick, crusty, or silvery patches on the scalp
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Redness, swelling, or oozing from the scalp
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Hair loss or bald patches
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Pain or tenderness in affected areas
These symptoms may indicate conditions like psoriasis, eczema, fungal infections, or even rare autoimmune disorders that require professional care.
How to Care for Your Scalp at Home
While seeing a doctor is important for serious conditions, you can support scalp health at home:
